'After six generations the budget has done away with my farm - which will now have to be sold'
Farmers have been telling us why they're travelling to London today to call for a U-turn on the budget
Farmers are today joining a mass lobby of MPs in Parliament - as they warn that recent changes in the budget 'could end the rural way of life' for many.
They say changes to inheritance tax mean farms which have been passed down through generations of families could have to be sold off.
Michael Alford, a butcher and farmer based on the Somerset and Devon border, warned: "if you own a farm and it's say 100 acres it's probably worth £2 million.
"You struggle to earn £40,000-£50,000 and that's all their wages - you don't take all the wages out and then it earns £40,000-50,000 there's no relation from what the farm is worth and what money you earn.
"There's been no inheritance tax on my land, since I can remember, obviously for a reason. I imagine the reason is to keep small family farm viable, If you have to pay inheritance tax most of the small family farms will have to be split up to pay the inheritance tax."
We also spoke to Charles Day, a farmer in Dumbleton in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire.
He said: "Why would we invest if we know that this - what we are creating now - it won't be able to be continued.
"It's going to de-incentivise people's investment and also we might be saving that money that we would invest into the farm to pay a tax later down the road for later generations.
"It's frightening for a lot of people because we've worked so hard for most of our lives. I'm a relatively young farmer but I have aspirations to keep working for the majority of my life and want to be able to pass it on.
"We are now having to plan how to pay a tax that wasn't there only a few weeks ago is a drastic change to a lot of people's businesses and a lot of people are really worried."
West Country farmer Mark Weekes is also on the board for the South West branch of the National Farmers' Union. He said: "My family has fed this county for six generations and this budget has just done away with that because on my death my son will have an in excess of £1 million tax bill - he won't be able to cope with that and it means he'll have to sell a lot of the farm to do it."
Fiona Rew, the Devon county advisor for the National Farmers' Union, added: "We would like to see a U-turn on the changes and I think the figures that have been used to base these changes are not correct - we think they've been calculated incorrectly."
Sir Keir Starmer has said that he understands changes to inheritance tax are "causing concern" for farmers but insisted "the vast majority of farms" will not be affected.
National Farmers' Union president Tom Bradshaw said planned demonstrations are "definitely going ahead" after he met with Environment Secretary Steve Reed in Parliament on Monday evening.
Mr Bradshaw told the PA news agency: "It was a valuable meeting. It was a great opportunity to really spell out in black and white why their evidence is wrong, why it has to come forwards in consultation, and what the extreme human pressure is that this policy has created.
"We have to have these conversations, but we're really concerned that at the moment, there doesn't seem to be any action. There doesn't seem to be any understanding from the Treasury of what they're doing."
Mr Bradshaw said he was "debating the data" with the Environment Secretary during their meeting.
He added: "The whole focus was on this abhorrent policy that's been put in place. We think it's a very ill considered policy. I don't believe that they intended the human consequences that there are within the policy they've put forwards.
"I don't think they understand that family farms that are producing this country's food are right in the eye of this storm."
Sir Keir Starmer has said that he understands changes to inheritance tax are "causing concern" for farmers but insisted "the vast majority of farms" will not be affected.
Speaking to broadcasters at the G20 summit in Brazil on Monday, the Prime Minister said he is supporting farmers with money at the Budget "alongside money to do with flooding and to do with the outbreak of disease."
He went on: "On the question inheritance tax, look I do understand that it's causing concern.
"But if you take a typical case of a couple wanting to pass a family farm down to one of their children, which would be a very typical example, with all of the thresholds in place, that's £3 million before any inheritance tax is paid.
"And that's why I'm confident that the vast majority of farms and farmers will not be affected at all by that aspect of the budget.
"They will be affected by the £5 billion that we're putting into farming, and I'm very happy to work with farmers on that."
What are the changes?
Previously, farming businesses qualified for 100% relief on inheritance tax on agricultural property and business property.
But now the tax is being imposed on farms worth more than £1 million, with an effective tax rate of 20% on assets above the threshold, rather than the normal 40% rate for inheritance tax.
The Government says that the actual threshold before paying inheritance tax could be as much as £3 million, once exemptions for each partner in a couple and for the farm property are taken into account.
Why have the changes been brought in?
The Government has said "difficult decisions" had to be made to fill a £22 billion fiscal hole it inherited from the Tories, and it is targeting the agricultural inheritance tax relief to make it fairer.
It said figures showed that the 7% of wealthiest estates account for 40% of the total value of agricultural property relief, costing the taxpayer £219 million.
How many farmers will be affected by the changes?
That has caused some debate. According to the Treasury, some 27% of estates claiming agricultural property relief (APR) were above the £1 million threshold in 2021/2022, suggesting that nearly three-quarters of farms would not fall within the scope of the charges.
The Treasury says around 500 estates a year are expected to pay inheritance tax under the changes.
However, the National Farmers' Union (NFU) says farm businesses have also qualified separately for business property relief, which can cover things such as harvested grain and livestock, machinery and diversified businesses such as camping on a farmer's field.
Now the two are combined, with a single £1 million allowance before inheritance tax is levied, which could mean more farms are in scope.
The NFU points to figures from the Environment Department (Defra) showing that 66% of farm businesses in England have a net value of more than £1 million.
But the Government has countered that analysis, saying that looking at asset value alone does not necessarily mean the farm will be affected, as it depends on individual circumstances.
Why do farmers say the changes are a problem?
According to the NFU, while farms may have a high nominal asset value - the value of their land and business assets - the returns from farming are often very low, so farming families may not have the reserves to pay for inheritance tax liabilities without selling off assets.
The NFU's president Tom Bradshaw said the change had left elderly farmers in the "cruellest predicament", as they may not live for another seven years to take advantage of exemptions for gifting assets, or to hand over assets in a way that qualifies for the gifting exemption.
He has also warned the changes could undermine investment as farmers will be wary of increasing the balance sheet as they will be liable to pay inheritance tax on it.
There are also concerns that it could affect tenant farmers if landowners no longer benefit from having a tax exemption for farmed land.
Mr Bradshaw said there was a feeling among farmers that the Government did not understand food production.
How has the Government defended itself?
Environment Secretary Steve Reed said the current system had become "the most effective way for the super-rich to avoid paying their inheritance tax", forcing up rural land prices and stopping young farmers owning their own land.
Ministers have continued to insist that the majority of farms would not be affected.
The Government has also said it supports farmers, highlighting £5 billion for the farming budget over the next two years.
But that has been another issue for farmers, who point out that the phase-out of EU-era subsidies in favour of nature-friendly farming payments was speeded up in the Budget, with farmers set to receive no more than £7,200 in 2025 under the old regime.
Where will this end?
At the moment there seems to be something of an impasse, with the Prime Minister and his ministers sticking to their guns on the issue, and farmers insisting it must be reversed.
Farmers are taking to the streets for a rally, with thousands expected to turn out in Westminster on Tuesday to show their anger at what one of the organisers, Lincolnshire farmer Andrew Ward, described as a "spiteful Budget which threatens the very heart of the countryside".
He said: "Food production, wildlife and generations that have built a business will suffer, and Labour have to realise just how many people will be affected."
And ahead of a mass lobby of MPs by the NFU also taking place on Tuesday, Mr Bradshaw said: "I don't believe the Government have any choice but to rethink this policy".
That shows no sign of happening yet, but the impact of Tuesday and any future protests is yet to be seen.